Ferdinand Pecora. Cover of Time on June 12, 1933. He became the face of the Pecora Commission, which provoked a reckoning with corporate governance in the early 1930s.

Protests against Dow Chemical’s production of napalm for the war in Vietnam enveloped the company in the late 1960s.

Juanita Kreps, Secretary of Commerce under Jimmy Carter between 1977-1979. She proposed a social performance audit for big business but was quickly forced to walk it back.

General Motors Corporation, Annual Report (1970).

From Archie Carroll, “The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders,” Business Horizons (July 1991).

Senator Estes Kefauver on the cover of Time on March 12, 1951.

Adolf Berle gives a speech at the Waldorf Astoria in New York City, circa 1950.

Organizational chart from Alfred Chandler, Jr. The Visible Hand (1977).